hydrogen production (electrolysis, steam methane reforming)

Hydrogen production involves processes that extract hydrogen gas from other substances. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When a current passes through water, it separates into its components. Steam methane reforming (SMR) extracts hydrogen from natural gas (primarily methane) by reacting it with high-temperature steam, producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Both methods are key for generating hydrogen needed in energy, industry, and transportation sectors, with electrolysis being cleaner when powered by renewable energy, and SMR currently more common but producing greenhouse gases unless combined with carbon capture.