Human Physiology in Space

Human physiology in space involves how the body responds to microgravity. Without gravity, muscles weaken and bones lose density because they don’t need to support weight. Fluid distribution shifts upward, leading to puffy face and pressure changes. The cardiovascular system adjusts by reducing heart size and blood volume. Space affects the immune system, making astronauts more vulnerable to illness. To counteract this, astronauts exercise regularly, follow specialized diets, and use equipment like resistance training devices. Understanding these changes helps develop strategies to keep astronauts healthy during long missions and supports translating findings to improve health on Earth.