human mitochondrial genome

The human mitochondrial genome is a small, circular piece of DNA located in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells. Unlike most DNA found in the nucleus, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother. It contains about 16,500 base pairs and encodes 37 genes vital for producing proteins involved in energy generation. This genome is essential for cellular function, especially in energy-demanding organs like the brain and muscles. Variations or mutations in mitochondrial DNA can lead to various inherited health conditions, emphasizing its importance in genetics and human health.