Hubert's γ

Hubert's γ is a statistical measure used to evaluate the strength and direction of association between two ordinal variables—those that are ranked or ordered. It assesses how well the orderings of these variables agree or disagree by examining pairs of observations. The value of Hubert's γ ranges from -1 to 1: a value close to 1 indicates a strong positive association (both variables tend to increase together), close to -1 indicates a strong negative association (one tends to increase while the other decreases), and near 0 suggests little to no association. It's useful for understanding relationships where the data is ordinal or ranked.