HR Diagram in Education

The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram is a chart that astronomers use to understand stars. It plots stars based on their brightness (luminosity) and how hot they are (surface temperature). Most stars fall into a diagonal band called the "main sequence," where they spend most of their life shining steadily. Giants and supergiants are larger and cooler, appearing above the main sequence, while white dwarfs are small, dense, and dim, found below. This diagram helps scientists study star life cycles and how stars evolve over time.