HPA Axis Functioning

The HPA axis, or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is a crucial part of our body’s stress response system. It involves three components: the hypothalamus in the brain, the pituitary gland underneath it, and the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys. When we encounter stress, the hypothalamus releases signals that prompt the pituitary gland to release hormones. These hormones then stimulate the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a key stress hormone. This process helps our body respond to stress by regulating energy, immune function, and mood, ultimately preparing us to face challenges or threats.