Homogeneous Nucleation

Homogeneous nucleation is the process where tiny, stable clusters of a new phase (like droplets of vapor turning into liquid or crystals forming from a solution) spontaneously form throughout a uniform, existing substance without any external influence or impurities. It occurs when the conditions (such as temperature or pressure) are just right for molecules to come together and overcome energy barriers, creating a nucleus that can grow into a larger phase. This process is common in phenomena like cloud formation or the solidification of liquids and happens uniformly throughout the material.