Holland's Schema Theorem

Holland's Schema Theorem explains how genetic algorithms efficiently search for optimal solutions. A "schema" is a pattern that identifies a subset of solutions sharing certain characteristics. The theorem states that short, low-error patterns (schemas) tend to become more common over generations because they are reproduced more often and less disrupted by genetic operations like crossover and mutation. In essence, the theorem predicts that the population will gradually concentrate around promising solution patterns, enabling the algorithm to find good solutions faster by reinforcing beneficial traits over time.