HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help fight infections. If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the most severe phase of HIV infection, where the immune system becomes very weak, and the body cannot defend itself against certain infections or cancers. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. While there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus, allowing people to live long, healthy lives.