history of the Jews in Italy

Jewish presence in Italy dates back over two millennia, with communities establishing themselves in Roman times. Throughout history, Jews faced periods of prosperity, such as in medieval Venice, alongside periods of hardship, including expulsions and persecution during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. In the 19th and 20th centuries, rights improved, but during Fascist rule in WWII, many Jews were persecuted or deported. Today, Italy boasts a vibrant Jewish community with rich cultural traditions, historic synagogues, and active participation in Italian society, reflecting a centuries-old history of resilience and integration.