History of Switzerland

Switzerland's history is marked by its gradual move towards independence and neutrality. In the Middle Ages, it was a patchwork of small cantons often under Habsburg control. The Swiss Confederation was formed in 1291 for mutual defense, gradually uniting more regions. During the Reformation, religious divisions emerged, but neutrality remained central. Switzerland maintained independence through treaties like the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). It officially became a federal state in 1848, promoting stability and democracy. Known for neutrality, Switzerland stayed out of major wars, especially during the World Wars. Today, it is renowned for its stability, diplomacy, and humanitarian efforts.