history of public health

Public health has evolved to protect communities from disease and improve overall well-being. Early efforts focused on sanitation, quarantine, and vaccination to control outbreaks like smallpox and cholera. The 19th century saw the development of sanitation infrastructure and understanding of germs. In the 20th century, antibiotics, vaccines, and health education advanced prevention and treatment. Today, public health includes managing chronic diseases, environmental health, and global health challenges like pandemics. Its goal is to prevent illness, promote healthy environments, and ensure equitable access to care for all populations.