history of Guatemala

Guatemala's history is marked by ancient Mayan civilization achievements, followed by Spanish conquest in the 16th century, which integrated it into the Spanish Empire. After centuries of colonial rule, Guatemala gained independence in 1821. The 20th century saw political instability, military coups, and civil war from 1960 to 1996, largely over social inequality and indigenous rights. Recent decades have focused on democracy and economic development, but challenges like poverty and violence persist. Guatemala's history reflects a blend of rich indigenous traditions, colonial influence, and ongoing efforts for social justice and stability.