history of computing

The history of computing traces how humans developed tools to process information. Early machines like the abacus were manual aids. In the 19th century, mechanical calculators emerged, followed by the development of electronic computers in the mid-20th century, which used vacuum tubes and later transistors to perform calculations faster. The invention of integrated circuits and microprocessors in the 1960s and 1970s miniaturized computers, making them accessible. The rise of personal computers, the Internet, and mobile devices transformed how we communicate, gather information, and work, leading to the interconnected digital world we experience today.