Historical Geography of Oaxaca

The historical geography of Oaxaca reflects its rich cultural and environmental diversity over centuries. Located in southern Mexico, it was home to ancient civilizations like the Zapotecs and Mixtecs, whose cities and trade routes shaped the landscape. The region’s rugged mountains, coastal areas, and fertile valleys influenced settlement patterns, agriculture, and society. Spanish colonization introduced new cities and boundaries, blending indigenous traditions with colonial influences. Today, Oaxaca's geography continues to define its cultural identity, agriculture, and tourism, highlighting a region with a complex history shaped by its diverse topography and peoples.