hipótesis nula

The null hypothesis is a starting assumption used in statistics that suggests there is no significant effect or relationship between two variables. For example, if researchers are testing a new drug, the null hypothesis would state that the drug does not improve patient outcomes compared to an existing treatment. The goal of the research is to gather evidence to either reject the null hypothesis (suggesting a significant effect) or fail to reject it (indicating insufficient evidence to claim an effect). Essentially, it serves as a baseline for comparison as scientists test their theories.