Hindutva vs. Hinduism debate

Hindutva and Hinduism are related but distinct concepts. Hinduism is the world's third-largest religion, encompassing diverse beliefs, practices, and philosophies rooted in ancient Indian culture. Hindutva, meaning "Hindutva" or "Hinduness," is a political ideology that seeks to define Indian identity primarily through Hindu cultural and national elements. The debate centers on whether Hindutva is a cultural/religious identity or an exclusionary political agenda that can marginalize non-Hindus. Critics argue Hindutva can lead to communal divisions, while supporters view it as a way to preserve Hindu heritage. The discussion reflects the complex interaction of religion, nationalism, and identity in India.