High-Energy Cosmic Rays

High-energy cosmic rays are extremely fast particles from space, primarily protons and atomic nuclei, that hit Earth's atmosphere with tremendous energy. Originating from sources like supernovae, black holes, or distant galaxies, they travel at near light speeds. When these particles collide with molecules in our atmosphere, they create cascades of secondary particles and light, which scientists study to understand their origins and the universe's processes. Despite their energetic nature, they are rare and pose little direct threat to humans, but they offer valuable insights into high-energy phenomena in the cosmos.