hierarchical state machines

Hierarchical state machines are a way to organize complex systems that have many states or conditions. Instead of listing every possible situation separately, they group related states into levels or layers, forming a tree-like structure. This approach allows for easier understanding, management, and modification, as shared behaviors or rules can be applied to entire groups of states at once. Think of it like organizing files in folders: broader categories contain more specific subcategories, simplifying navigation and control within complex processes or devices, such as software applications, robots, or electronic systems.