Hierarchical networks

Hierarchical networks organize systems in a layered structure, where elements are arranged in levels with clear relationships. Think of an organization chart: top managers oversee departments, which in turn supervise teams. In networks, this setup allows efficient management, communication, and data flow. Higher levels typically control or coordinate lower levels, making complex systems easier to navigate and manage. Examples include corporate structures, computer networks with routers and switches, and biological systems like the nervous system. This layered approach improves scalability, security, and clarity in designing and maintaining complex interconnected systems.