HF Ground Wave

A High-Frequency (HF) ground wave is a type of radio wave that travels along the Earth's surface from a transmitting station to a receiver. Unlike sky waves that bounce off the ionosphere, ground waves follow the terrain, making them effective for communication over relatively long distances, especially over land and sea. They bounce slightly and gradually diminish in strength but can reach hundreds of miles, depending on the frequency and terrain. HF ground waves are used in maritime communication, remote area contact, and broadcasting because they provide reliable coverage without relying on atmospheric reflections.