heterogenous catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis occurs when a catalyst in a different phase (usually solid) speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed. The reactants typically interact with the catalyst's surface, where the reaction occurs more efficiently, lower in energy, or faster than it would naturally. Once the reaction finishes, the catalyst remains unchanged and can be reused. This process is used in many industries, such as converting harmful emissions in car exhausts or producing fuels and chemicals, by providing a surface that facilitates easier, quicker, and more selective reactions.