Heterogeneous Catalyst

A heterogeneous catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed itself, and it exists in a different physical state (usually solid) than the reactants (which are often gases or liquids). It works by providing an active surface where reactant molecules can attach, react more easily, and then detach as products. This process lowers the energy barrier, making the reaction faster and more efficient. Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in industrial processes, such as refining oil or manufacturing chemicals, helping to save energy and improve product yield.