Henry IV of Germany

Henry IV of Germany was a Holy Roman Emperor who reigned from 1056 to 1106. He is best known for his conflict with Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy, which revolved around the appointment of church officials. This struggle highlighted the tension between secular and religious authority in medieval Europe. In 1077, Henry famously walked barefoot to Canossa to seek forgiveness from the Pope, illustrating his desperate bid for power. His reign was marked by internal strife, noble rebellions, and challenges to his authority, ultimately leading to his downfall in 1106. His legacy influences the relationship between church and state.