Henriette Avram

Henriette Avram was a pioneering librarian and information scientist who developed the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format in the 1960s, a standardized system for encoding library catalog data. This innovation allowed libraries worldwide to share and exchange catalog information electronically, vastly improving efficiency and access. Her work laid the foundation for modern digital cataloging and online library systems, transforming how libraries organize, search, and provide access to millions of resources. Avram's contributions significantly advanced library science and information management, making vast collections more accessible to the public.