Helmholtz Resonance Theory

Helmholtz resonance occurs when air within a cavity, like a bottle or a room, vibrates at a natural frequency. When you produce a sound matching that frequency, the air inside oscillates, creating a loud, resonant pitch. This happens because the air acts like a spring, compressing and expanding in rhythm with the sound wave. The size and shape of the cavity determine this natural frequency. It's why certain objects "ring" when struck or when sounds are played at specific tones, amplifying those sounds through this resonant effect.