Heller's Theorem

Heller's Theorem states that a molecule's ability to conduct electricity depends on whether its electrons are localized (staying in one place) or delocalized (spread out over multiple parts). If electrons are delocalized across a conjugated system (like alternating single and double bonds), the molecule can efficiently transfer electric charge, acting as a conductor or semi-conductor. However, if electrons are localized, the molecule acts more like an insulator. This theorem helps chemists understand and predict the electrical properties of organic molecules based on their structure, especially in the design of electronic materials and devices.