Helium burning

Helium burning is a process in stars where helium nuclei (also called alpha particles) fuse together to form heavier elements, primarily carbon and oxygen. This occurs in the core of aging stars once they've exhausted their hydrogen fuel, leading to higher temperatures and pressures that enable helium nuclei to overcome their natural repulsion. The fusion releases energy that helps support the star against gravity. Helium burning is a key step in the life cycle of stars, contributing to the creation of elements essential for planetary systems and life.