Heliaia

Heliaia was an ancient Athenian court that functioned as a major judicial body, handling a wide range of legal cases, including criminal and civil disputes. Comprising large juries of citizens chosen by lot, it operated as a democratic institution, allowing ordinary Athenians to participate directly in justice. Unlike modern courts with professional judges, Heliaia relied on citizen jurors who deliberated and decided verdicts collectively. Its role was central to Athens' democratic process, ensuring community involvement in justice and governance.