Heisenberg's matrix mechanics

Heisenberg's matrix mechanics is a fundamental framework in quantum mechanics that represents physical systems using matrices instead of classical variables. Instead of focusing on precise positions and velocities, it describes observable quantities, like energy or momentum, as mathematical entities in a matrix form. The interactions and changes in these systems are captured through matrix operations. This approach shows that at the quantum level, particles do not have exact locations and speeds, but are defined by probabilities and uncertainties, fundamentally altering our understanding of reality compared to classical physics.