Heaven (Tian)

Heaven (Tian) in Chinese thought is a divine, universal force that governs nature and moral order. It represents the natural harmony and moral authority guiding the universe, encompassing both cosmic phenomena and human ethics. Tian is not a personal deity but an overarching principle that influences rulers and society, emphasizing harmony, virtue, and balance. In traditional culture, respecting Tian involves aligning one's actions with its moral laws and natural order, fostering social stability and personal virtue. Overall, Tian symbolizes the divine order that underpins the universe and ethical conduct.