Heat conduction theory

Heat conduction is the process by which thermal energy transfers within a material due to temperature differences. Molecules in warmer areas vibrate more vigorously, passing their energy to neighboring molecules in cooler regions. This movement of energy from hot to cold continues until temperature equalizes. The rate of heat conduction depends on the material’s properties, such as thermal conductivity, and the temperature gradient. In simple terms, heat conduction describes how heat spreads through solids like metals, enabling objects to warm up or cool down without physical movement of the material itself.