Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications

Heat and mass transfer involve the movement of energy and substances between regions, driven by differences in temperature, concentration, or pressure. Heat transfer occurs through conduction (direct contact), convection (fluid movement), or radiation (electromagnetic waves). Mass transfer involves the movement of gases or liquids, such as evaporation or diffusion. These processes are fundamental in designing systems like engines, HVAC, chemical reactors, and cooling technologies, ensuring efficient energy use and safety. Understanding these principles helps optimize performance and develop innovative solutions across engineering, environmental management, and industrial applications.