Head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancers are a group of tumors that develop in the mouth, throat, nasal passages, sinuses, or the voice box. They typically originate from the lining cells of these areas. Common risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, a lump in the neck, or changes in speaking. Early detection and treatment are important; options often involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Awareness of risk factors and symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.