HDAC (histone deacetylases)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histone proteins, which DNA wraps around. When acetyl groups are removed, the DNA becomes more tightly wound around histones, making genes less accessible for activation. Conversely, adding acetyl groups loosens the DNA, promoting gene activity. HDACs are crucial for controlling cell functions, development, and responses by turning genes on or off as needed. They are also targets for drugs used in treating conditions like cancer and neurological disorders, where gene regulation goes awry.