HAXPES (Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)

HAXPES (Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is an analytical technique used to study the composition and electronic structure of materials. It involves shining high-energy X-rays on a sample, causing electrons to be emitted. By measuring these electrons' energies, scientists can gather detailed information about the material’s surface and subsurface layers, including chemical states and elemental composition. HAXPES allows researchers to probe deeper into materials compared to traditional methods, making it valuable for investigating complex or coated materials, semiconductors, and catalysts in research and industry.