Hausdorff distance

The Hausdorff distance measures how far two sets of points are from each other in space. It finds the greatest of all the shortest distances between any point in one set to the closest point in the other set. In simple terms, it tells you the largest minimum gap between two shapes or collections of points, indicating how similar or dissimilar they are. If the Hausdorff distance is small, the sets are close or similar; if it's large, they are more distinct. This concept is useful in computer vision, shape analysis, and pattern recognition to compare spatial structures.