Hartshorne's Theodicy

Hartshorne's theodicy addresses the problem of evil by proposing that evil is a necessary aspect of a world that allows for genuine freedom and growth. He argues that an omnibenevolent (all-good) and omnipotent (all-powerful) God permits evil because it is essential for developing virtues like courage and compassion, which could not exist without challenges. In this view, evil isn't a contradiction to divine goodness but a necessary component of a dynamic universe where beings grow morally and spiritually. This perspective emphasizes that God's goodness is expressed through allowing free will, even if it results in evil.