Harmonic oscillation

Harmonic oscillation refers to a repetitive movement back and forth around a central point, where the motion is smooth and periodic. Think of a swing swinging at a regular pace, or a guitar string vibrating when plucked. This kind of motion follows a pattern governed by forces like tension or gravity, which restore the object toward its equilibrium position. The oscillation's frequency and amplitude depend on the system's properties, such as mass and stiffness. Harmonic oscillations are fundamental in many natural and engineered systems, from sound waves to electrical circuits, showcasing energy transfer between potential and kinetic forms in a cyclic manner.