Hardrock Mining

Hardrock mining involves extracting valuable minerals or metals, such as gold, copper, or iron ore, from solid rock underground or from open-pit mines on the Earth's surface. The process includes exploring promising sites, removing large amounts of earth, and processing the ore to isolate the desired materials. While essential for manufacturing and technology, hardrock mining can have significant environmental impacts, including landscape disruption, water pollution, and habitat loss. It requires substantial capital, planning, and environmental safeguards to responsibly recover resources while minimizing ecological damage.