Hardening laws

Hardening laws describe how materials like metals become stronger as they are deformed. When a metal is worked or shaped, its internal structure changes, making it more resistant to further deformation. Essentially, these laws quantify the relationship between the amount of deformation (like stretching or pressing) and the increase in the material’s strength. They help engineers predict how materials will behave under stress, ensuring structures are designed safely and efficiently. Think of it as the material “hardening up” more as it is shaped or stressed, which is critical for manufacturing and structural applications.