Harappa Civilization

The Harappa Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a highly developed Bronze Age society that flourished around 2600-1900 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It featured advanced urban planning with grid-like cities, sophisticated drainage systems, and standardized bricks. The people engaged in agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship, creating writing systems (still partly undeciphered), pottery, and jewelry. Known for its social organization and technological innovation, the civilization declined around 1900 BCE, likely due to environmental changes, shifting river patterns, and possibly social factors. It represents one of the world's earliest urban societies.