Hamilton Smith

Hamilton Smith was an American microbiologist and geneticist renowned for co-discovering the first restriction enzyme, EcoRI, in 1970. These enzymes act as molecular scissors, cutting DNA at specific sequences, which revolutionized genetic research. His work enabled scientists to manipulate and analyze DNA with unprecedented precision, leading to advancements like DNA fingerprinting and genetic engineering. Smith's discoveries earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978, shared with Paul Berg and Herbert Boyer. His contributions fundamentally transformed molecular biology, opening new avenues for understanding genetics, developing medical diagnostics, and advancing biotechnology.