H. pylori

H. pylori, or Helicobacter pylori, is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach lining. It is common worldwide and often causes no symptoms. However, in some people, it can lead to inflammation, ulcers, and even increase the risk of stomach cancer over time. The bacteria survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing substances that neutralize acid. It spreads mostly through contaminated food, water, or close contact. Diagnosis typically involves breath, blood, or stool tests, and treatment usually includes a combination of antibiotics and medications to reduce stomach acid.