H. B. D. S.

H. B. D. S. stands for "Hugh, Burke, Davy, and Smith," which refers to the collaborative development of the chemical structure of benzene by these scientists in the 19th century. Their work helped reveal that benzene has a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds, a fundamental concept in organic chemistry. This discovery clarified how certain compounds are linked and shared electrons in a stable ring structure, laying the foundation for understanding many aromatic compounds used in pharmaceuticals, plastics, and dyes.