GUTs (Grand Unified Theories)

Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) are scientific models that aim to unify the three fundamental forces of the Standard Model—electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force—into a single, comprehensive framework. They propose that at extremely high energies, these forces merge into one, which later differentiates as the universe cools. GUTs help physicists understand how the universe's fundamental interactions originated and evolved. While still theoretical and unproven experimentally, they offer a deeper insight into the underlying unity of nature’s forces.