groundwater flow theory

Groundwater flow theory explains how water moves through underground soil and rock layers. It is driven by differences in pressure and gravity, causing the water to flow from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure. The flow is influenced by the properties of the material, such as porosity (the space between particles) and permeability (how easily water can pass through). Understanding this flow helps manage water supplies, predict contaminant movement, and design effective groundwater extraction and treatment systems, integrating natural processes with human needs and environmental protection.