ground control points (GCPs)

Ground control points (GCPs) are specific, accurately measured locations on the Earth's surface used in mapping and surveying. They serve as reference points to ensure that aerial or satellite images and 3D models are geographically precise. By collecting the exact coordinates of GCPs on the ground, surveyors can align and calibrate aerial data, improving the accuracy of maps, models, and spatial measurements. GCPs are essential for translating raw imaging data into reliable, real-world geographic information used in projects like construction, land management, and environmental monitoring.