Gregor Mendel's pea experiments

Gregor Mendel's pea experiments involved cross-breeding pea plants to understand how traits like seed shape and flower color are inherited. He selectively mated plants with specific traits and observed the characteristics of their offspring over generations. Mendel discovered that traits are inherited in predictable ways, with some traits (dominant) masking others (recessive). His work led to the formulation of principles like the law of segregation, which states that each parent passes only one allele for each trait, and the law of independent assortment, indicating that the inheritance of one trait generally doesn't affect another. These findings laid the foundation for modern genetics.