Gregg Semenza

Gregg Semenza is an American scientist who studies how cells respond to changes in oxygen levels. He discovered a key factor called HIF-1 that helps cells adapt when oxygen is low by activating genes involved in blood vessel growth and energy production. His work improves our understanding of diseases like cancer, where tumors exploit this process to grow, and anemia, where oxygen delivery is affected. Semenza's research has contributed significantly to medical science and earned him the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.